Ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo odalwe yizinambuzane ezitshalweni, sikhiqize isibalo esikhulu semithi yokubulala izinambuzane ehlukene. Indlela yokusebenza kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene iyafana, ngakho-ke sizikhetha kanjani lezo ezilungele izitshalo zethu? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane emibili enezindlela ezifanayo zokusebenza: imidacloprid kanye thiamethoxam.
Thina balimi sijwayelene kakhulu ne-imidacloprid, ngakho-ke i-thiamethoxam iyinkanyezi entsha yokubulala izinambuzane. Yini izinzuzo zayo ngaphezu kwesizukulwane esidala?
01. Umehluko wokuhlaziywa kwe-imidacloprid ne-thiamethoxam
Yize izindlela ezimbili zokusebenza zifana (zingavimbela ngokukhetha uhlelo lwezinambuzane oluphakathi lwe-nicotinic acid acetylcholinesterase receptor, ngaleyo ndlela luvimbele ukuqhutshwa okujwayelekile kwesimiso sezinzwa esiyizinambuzane, kubangele ukukhubazeka nokufa kwezinambuzane), i-thiamethoxam ine-5 Inzuzo enkulu:
I-Thiamethoxam iyasebenza kakhulu
I-metabolite eyinhloko ye-thiamethoxam ezinambuzaneni yi-clothianidin, enobudlelwano obuphakeme bezinambuzane ze-acetylcholine receptors kune-thiamethoxam, ngakho-ke inomsebenzi ophakeme wokubulala izinambuzane;
Umsebenzi wama-metabolites we-hydroxylated we-imidacloprid wehlisiwe.
I-Thiamethoxam inokuncibilika okuphezulu emanzini
Ukuncibilika kwe-thiamethoxam emanzini kuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kune-imidacloprid, ngakho-ke ngisho nasendaweni eyomile, akukuthinti ukumuncwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-thiamethoxam ngokolweni.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi enhlabathini ejwayelekile enomswakama, i-thiamethoxam ikhombisa umphumela ofanayo wokulawula njenge-imidacloprid; kepha ezimeni zesomiso, kungcono kakhulu kune-imidacloprid.
Ukumelana okuphansi kwe-thiamethoxam
Njengoba i-imidacloprid ibisemakethe cishe iminyaka engama-30, ukukhula kokumelana nezinambuzane sekuye kwaba kubi kakhulu.
Ngokwemibiko, umoya ondondayo wezimpukane, ukotini i-aphid nomiyane wesibungu se-chive kuye kwaba nokuphikisana okuthile nawo.
Ubungozi bokumelana phakathi kwe-thiamethoxam ne-imidacloprid kuma-planthoppers ansundu, ama-aphid kakotini nezinye izinambuzane buphansi kakhulu.
I-Thiamethoxam ingakhulisa ukumelana kwezitshalo iphinde ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo
I-Thiamethoxam inenzuzo engenakufaniswa namanye ama-insecticide, okungukuthi, inomphumela wokukhuthaza izimpande nezithombo eziqinile.
Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi i-Thiamethoxam ingavula amaprotheni okumelana nengcindezi yezitshalo, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ikhiqize i-auxin, i-cytokinin, i-gibberellin, i-abscisic acid, i-peroxidase, i-polyphenol oxidase, ne-phenylalanine ammonia lyase ezitshalweni. Ngenxa yalokho, i-thiamethoxam yona yenza iziqu zezitshalo nezimpande ziqine futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nengcindezi.
I-Thiamethoxam ihlala isikhathi eside
I-Thiamethoxam inomsebenzi oqinile wokuqhuba amaqabunga nezakhiwo zezimpande, futhi umenzeli angangena ngokushesha futhi ngokugcwele.
Uma isetshenziswa enhlabathini noma embewini, i-thiamethoxam imuncwa ngokushesha yizimpande noma izithombo ezisanda kufufusa, futhi ihanjiswe iye phezulu kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba wesitshalo nge-xylem emzimbeni wesitshalo. Ihlala emzimbeni wesitshalo isikhathi eside futhi yehlise kancane. Umkhiqizo owonakele i-clothianidin unomsebenzi ophakeme wokubulala izinambuzane, ngakho-ke i-thiamethoxam inomphumela ohlala isikhathi eside kune-imidacloprid.
Isikhathi Iposi: Jan-11-2021